Can I copy files onto a CD-R like I would to a floppy?
Not exactly. Recording to a CD requires software and recorder support to write in a similar fashion as a floppy.
If your CD-R/RW drive supports "packet writing" and you have a packet writing software program, you can save files to a compact disc like a floppy. In saving files to a CD with packet writing software, there are issues with recording, sharing and erasing information.
In sharing files written on a CD-RW disc, the other CD-ROM must be capable of MultiRead. In erasing a CD-RW disc, you can only completely erase the CD, unlike erasing a single file from a floppy. If you want to write your files in smaller bunches, you lose a fair bit of space every time you stop and start again.